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Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-14
The Prediction of Landslide Slip Surface
Based on the Correlation Between Relative Density and Dynamic Cone Penetration
Test
(Ramalan Satah Gelinciran Tanah Runtuh daripada Ketumpatan Relatif dan Ujian Kon Penembusan Dinamik)
NOR
SHAHIDAH MOHD NAZER, AHMED MOHAMED KOTB SHAHIN, AZLAN SHAH NERWAN SHAH, GOH
THIAN LAI*, MOHD ROZI UMOR & MOHAMAD ANURI GHAZALI
Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 18 April 2023/Accepted: 14 August 2023
Abstract
Relative density is one of the most important properties indicating the
strength and state of compaction of the soil. The dynamic cone penetration test
is considered one of the fastest field tests for evaluating the relative
strength of soil layers, including density. In this study, an attempt is made
to correlate the relative density of the landslide soil with the dynamic cone
penetration results. The aim of this
study was to delineate the boundary between moving and in-situ soil for
the prediction of slip surfaces and finally to conceptualise the underlying
mechanism behind the initiation of a landslide. The
results of the penetration tests give an increasing index of 1.9 - 2.4 cm/blow,
2.8 - 3 cm/blow and 3.2 cm/blow for the upper, middle and lower parts (toe),
respectively. Using the correlation equation, the calculated relative density
in the field was found to agree well with the relative density measured in the
laboratory with a standard deviation of ±1.5%. The relationship between the
relative density and the penetration index shows an inverse relationship where
the resistance of the soil to dynamic penetration increases as the relative
density of the soil increases, thus decreasing the penetration index. This
result can be used to accurately conceptualize the mechanism behind a landslide
using a simple and rapid field device.
Keywords: Dynamic cone penetrometer; landslide; relative density; soil
index properties
Abstrak
Ketumpatan relatif adalah salah satu sifat
terpenting yang menunjukkan kekuatan dan keadaan pemadatan tanah. Ujian
penembusan kon dinamik dianggap sebagai salah satu ujian lapangan terpantas
untuk menilai kekuatan relatif lapisan tanah, termasuk ketumpatan. Dalam kajian
ini, suatu percubaan dibuat untuk mengaitkan ketumpatan relatif tanah runtuhan
tanah dengan keputusan penembusan kon dinamik. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk
menentukan sempadan antara tanah bergerak dan tanah asal bagi penentuan satah
gelinciran dan akhirnya untuk membangunkan mekanisme konsep di sebalik
permulaan sesuatu tanah runtuh. Keputusan ujian penembusan menunjukkan peningkatan indeks sebanyak 1.9 -
2.4 cm/hentakan, 2.8 - 3 cm/hentakan dan 3.2 cm/hentakan, masing-masing untuk
bahagian atas, tengah dan bawah. Menggunakan persamaan korelasi, ketumpatan
relatif yang dihitung di lapangan didapati berkorelasi dengan baik dengan
ketumpatan relatif yang diukur di makmal dengan sisihan piawai ±1.5%. Hubungan
antara ketumpatan relatif dan indeks penembusan menunjukkan hubungan songsang
dengan rintangan tanah terhadap penembusan dinamik meningkat apabila ketumpatan
relatif tanah meningkat, lalu merendahkan indeks penembusan. Keputusan ini
boleh digunakan dengan tepat untuk mengkonsepkan mekanisme di sebalik tanah
runtuh dengan menggunakan alatan lapangan yang mudah dan pantas.
Kata kunci: Ketumpatan relatif; kon penembusan dinamik; sifat indeks tanah; tanah runtuh
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*Corresponding author; email: gohthianlai@ukm.edu.my
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